tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91021032024-03-07T18:08:59.256-05:00Big Monkey, Helpy Chalk<p>Proud Member of the Reality Based Community. </p>
<p>"Big Monkey, Helpy Chalk" --Caroline Helpy-Chalk, when she was 18 months.</p>Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.comBlogger1327125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-85097184387217194842019-07-18T11:37:00.000-04:002019-07-20T13:29:07.575-04:00The City of Lorain is slow-walking my public records request. Correction: It looks like their reasons were valid.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The City of Lorain<strike> is slow-walking my public records
request</strike>. correction: the reasons for the delay were valid. I'm leaving the full correspondence online anyway.<br /><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mon
6/10/2019 3:43 PM</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Re: Request for Use of Force Reports<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chief Rivera,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This is Rob Loftis, from the Police Use of Force
Monitoring Team of the northeast Ohio chapter of Showing Up for Racial Justice.
Previously you had provided us with your updated use of force policy. Thank you
again for that. Another part of our mission is to track ongoing use of force
incident reports. Pursuant of that, we are requesting all use of force reports
for your department since January 9, 2017. Thank you very much for your time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">J. Robert Loftis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tue
6/25/2019 8:51 AM</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Re: Public Records Request<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #201f1e; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mr. Loftis,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="color: #201f1e; font-size: 10.0pt;">We
are in receipt of your records request. I am estimating it will cost
$40.00 to complete the request. We would need payment prior to starting the
request.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #201f1e; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #201f1e; font-size: 10.0pt; padding: 0in;">Captain Michael Failing</span></span><span style="color: #201f1e; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sat
6/29/2019 5:50 AM</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Re: Public Records
Request<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sure.
Where do I send the check and whom do I make it out to?</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Rob</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">_________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sent: Friday, July 12,
2019 10:01 AM</span><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;">Subject: Record Request</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Professor Loftis,</span><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Your records request is ready. The final bill is
$48. Please make the check out to the City of Lorain</span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">You can pick up the request from out records division.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Captain Michael Failing</span><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Lorain Police Department</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">____________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sent:
Sat 7/13/2019 5:21 PM</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chief Failing, </span><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Thank you for your reply. Section (B)(6) of the Ohio Public
Records Act (149.43) says I can request the format of the records are
duplicated in and gives a range of options. One of the options is "the
same medium upon which the public office or person responsible for the public
record keeps it." I assume you keep your records electronically, so I
would like to request .pdf copies of your documents. </span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Also, I assume your request for a fee to receive these
records is based on Section (B)(1) of the act, which says you are to make
copies the records available "at cost." I do not believe that the
cost of emailing .pdf files should add anything to the $48 you are already
charging me. </span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Thank you very much for your time </span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Rob</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">_______________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sent:
Wed 7/17/2019 2:20 PM</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Prof Loftis,</span><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">The records you requested are stored in paper copy. The
your request is completed and available in our records department for you to
pick up.</span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Captain Michael Failing</span></span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Lorain Police Department</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">______________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Captain Failing,<br />
<br />
Are the records *only* kept as paper copies?<br />
<br />
I've received records from your office in .pdf form before, including your
current Use of Force Policy and your response to the 2012 Justice Department
report on your department. I don't understand why, <span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">in 2019, </span></span>a government office would keep
public records in paper form only. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
The Ohio Public Records act (Ohio Revised Code Section 149.43) says I can
request documents in electronic form, and you are only supposed to charge me
for the cost of reproducing the documents. The ACLU of Ohio has plenty of
information online about how I am supposed to request these records and you are
required to respond.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.acluohio.org/assets/issues/OpenGovernment/PublicRecords.pdf"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">http://www.acluohio.org/assets/issues/OpenGovernment/PublicRecords.pdf</span></a><br />
<br />
So again, I'm asking, if any copies of these records exist in electronic form,
please send them to me as .pdf files. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
Rob<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">_______________________</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Update: this is the last email I received from Captain Failing. A person at the ACLU who has been kindly advising me says that this believable, given her experience with police record systems, and since they aren't required to create a new record, this is a legitimate response.</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: times new roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.3333px;">Professor Loftis,</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: times new roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: times new roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.3333px;">The Lorain Police Department has thousands of reports per year in our database. There is no way to determine whether a report involved a use of force which is specifically what you requested. The only way I am able to complete your request is my office maintains a paper file of every use of force. That is how I compiled your requested data.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: times new roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: times new roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.3333px;">The reports are still available in our records department.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: times new roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-28141624126137049202019-07-08T11:47:00.002-04:002019-07-08T11:47:37.077-04:00Letter to Councilperson Baker about the most recent suicide attempt at the jail<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Councilperson Baker,<br />
<br />
Another inmate has attempted suicide at the Cuyahoga County Jail and is now on
life-support (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/y58h7sz6">http://tinyurl.com/y58h7sz6</a>).
There is a chance that he will become the tenth death at the jail in little
over a year. Last year 69 inmates attempted suicide last year, which is about
triple the number that attempted suicide in 2016, according to Clevaland.com (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/yx92ahkv">http://tinyurl.com/yx92ahkv</a>). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The county has put itself
in the horrific position of actually having an incentive to make staying in the
jail as traumatic as possible. As in many places, most cases in Cuyahoga Cuyahoga
county are decided by plea bargain. As one judge told Sarah Koenig of the
Serial podcast, “<span style="background: white; color: black;">plea bargaining
isn't part of the criminal justice system, it is the criminal justice system</span>”
(<a href="http://tinyurl.com/y2bhbyxf">http://tinyurl.com/y2bhbyxf</a>). </span>The
prosecutor stacks on charges with the goal of inducing the suspect to plead
guilty to a lesser charge. (One might say “coercing” the suspect to plead
guilty.) Suspects are far more likely to accept this kind of bargain if they
are stuck in a jail that is tormenting them psychologically. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A lot of factors are causing
the spike in suicide attempts and deaths at the county jail. There is the
practice of overcharging. There is the practice of asking for unreasonably high
amounts of cash bail. And there is also just plain old corruption: Someone is
making money smuggling drugs into the jail and selling them to addicts who
overdose and are left to die on the floor by the guards. I’m certain you’ve seen
the video of the death of Joseph Arquillo in the jail (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/yy4oqs8u">http://tinyurl.com/yy4oqs8u</a>). Maybe you should
watch it again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cuyahoga County switched
to a form of government that includes a county council, the goal was to stop
exactly this sort of corruption. That means dealing with this is your job.<br />
<br />
Rob Loftis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-51191658480016420102019-05-02T17:15:00.001-04:002019-05-02T17:16:21.002-04:00On a Quote Attributed to Dr. Martin Luther King<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Every condition exists because someone profits by its existence. This economic exploitation is crystallized in the slum." -- Rev. James Bevel (probably)</blockquote>
On page 305 of Matthew Desmond's amazing book, <i>Evicted</i> he gives the above quote and attributes it to Martin Luther King. If you look at his footnote, though, he is citing a secondary source. Given that King is a magnet for misattributed quotes, I decided to look this one up. It turns out it is from "A Proposal by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference for the Development of a Nonviolent Action Movement for the Greater Chicago Area," which is just what it says it is, a planning document for the Chicago Freedom Movement. I can't find a facsimile of the original document, but <a href="http://d43fweuh3sg51.cloudfront.net/media/assets/wgbh/iml04/iml04_doc_chicago/iml04_doc_chicago.pdf" target="_blank">this</a> is a .pdf version of that that was created for educational purposes. The .pdf has typos, but I'm not sure if they are carried over from the original or introduced.<br />
<br />
The document is unsigned, at least in the form I found it, But according to <a href="http://wgbhprojects.s3.amazonaws.com/EYES%20ON%20THE%20PRIZE/Study%20Guide/EyesOnThePrize-StudyGuide_202.pdf" target="_blank">this</a> site and <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KznksoNFszYC&pg=PA238&lpg=PA238&dq=A+Proposal+by+the+Southern+Christian+Leadership+Conference+for+the+Development+of+a+Nonviolent+Action+Movement+for+the+Greater+Chicago+Area&source=bl&ots=hgEuARNN9I&sig=ACfU3U0Lr8_vzN5LIE8yb0dtsMFFDzgBvw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwill-OO3v3hAhUEd6wKHXoGCI0Q6AEwDnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=A%20Proposal%20by%20the%20Southern%20Christian%20Leadership%20Conference%20for%20the%20Development%20of%20a%20Nonviolent%20Action%20Movement%20for%20the%20Greater%20Chicago%20Area&f=false" target="_blank">this</a> footnote and a few other things like that, the document was drawn up by Rev. James Bevel. Bevel isn't a really good name to put with a powerful quote you want to use to motivate action. Later in life, Bevel <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/us/23bevel.html" target="_blank">became a LaRouchie and was revealed to be a pedophile who molested his daughter.</a> I suppose if I were to use the quote in an inspirational context, I might just attribute it to the SCLC.<br />
<br />
In any case, I spent 45 minutes trying to track down the quote, so I thought I'd put information out her in a form that Google can index to spare other people the trouble. Real scholars of the Civil Rights era I'm sure have more detailed information, but none of that comes up easily on Google right now.<br />
<br />
(Actually, I'm a little miffed that there isn't a facsimile version of this document available on line. You can get a facsimile of a <a href="https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/inquire/Discover/Search/#/?p=c+0,t+,rsrs+0,rsps+10,fa+,so+ox%3Asort%5Easc,scids+,pid+95494680-e747-49a7-8080-36e0261e0640,vi+fa296ed7-94a6-40de-a43c-b8a994399f35" target="_blank">Plato manuscript from 895</a> but you can't get a facsimile of an SCLC document from 1966?)Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-51662297992665523012017-11-05T10:47:00.001-05:002017-11-05T10:47:49.444-05:00Marsy's lawOhio and California friends, your input is needed!<br />
<br />
Ohio has a ballot measure to amend the state constitution with a version of Marsy's law, a victims' rights measure modeled after a California constitutional amendment with the same name and backed by the same people. My basic instinct is to vote against it and I'm not encountering many reasons to go against that instinct. <br />
<br />
The main reason my initial reaction is negative is that the current criminal justice system is basically designed to make it easy to railroad black male defendants. Any expansion of victims' rights will mostly just add to the mass incarceration of black men. And, in fact, one of the major impacts of Marsy's law in California has been to increase the amount of time people spend in prison (http://tinyurl.com/yakny32c).<br />
<br />
There are some more superficial reasons to distrust the law. It is named after an individual and only refers to them by their first name. It was originally backed by a billionaire philanthropist, a class of person I distrust. (How much of a philanthropist can you be if you are still a billionaire?) The ACLU is opposed to it (http://tinyurl.com/y7kovdy7), and all but one newspaper in California was opposed to the California version (http://tinyurl.com/ycjpv5jo). <br />
<br />
Still, many of the specifics of the law seem quite reasonable. It says that victims need to be notified about court proceedings and prosecutors must hear victims' inputs before offering plea deals (http://tinyurl.com/y9zptx3r).<br />
<br />
It is also not clear to me how much to look at this through racial justice lens and how much to look at it through a gender violence lens. One of the measures in the law would make it harder for defense council to interview or depose victims, which could make it harder for defense attorneys to slut-shame victims of sex crimes. The law itself was originally developed in response to a case where a woman was stalked and killed by an ex-boyfriend. Changes that increase legal protection for women dealing with violent men are certainly needed. Women should know when their stalkers are up for parole. <br />
<br />
In thinking about a law like this, you have to take into account the fact that it will be implemented in a biased way. It probably will make things more fair in cases of white-on-white crime. But as soon as you have a black defendant, everything is going to get worse. Anything that increases jail time goes against a lot of the other activism I am engaged in.<br />
<br />
<br />
Anyone have any opinions? Come on, you are the internet. I know you have opinions. Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-11299101183825641932017-06-02T18:43:00.002-04:002017-06-02T18:43:52.416-04:00Gov. Kasich, Uphold the Paris Climate Agreement!Dear Governor Kasich,<br />
<br />
Please announce publicly that Ohio will join The United States Climate Alliance in pledging to honor the Paris Agreement. President Trump, by withdrawing the federal government from the agreement, has alienated the rest of the world and put the well being of future generations at risk. The global community needs to know that Ohio cares about its relationship to the rest of the world and the health of the planet. <br />
<br />
The Plain Dealer reports that 100,000 Ohioans are now directly employed by the renewable energy industry. As technology shifts, that number is only going to grow, while the number of people employed by coal is only going to shrink. You did a great favor to renewable energy last December by vetoing a freeze on renewable energy standards, allowing mandates to fall back in place this year. More actions like this will help ensure Ohio clean energy companies are competitive in the global economy. <br />
<br />
You can also show that Ohio cares about global climate change by reinvesting in public transportation. One of your first actions as governor was to kill a $400 million dollar high speed rail project. Now is the time to undo that mistake. <br /><br />Let the world know that Ohio does not agree with President Trump's reckless actions on climate change.<br />
<br />
Sincerely,<br />
J. Robert Loftis<br />
<br />
Bay Village, OhioRob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-45903543675488767862017-01-28T13:45:00.001-05:002017-01-28T13:45:26.269-05:00It's starting<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="305ca-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="305ca-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="305ca-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Trump's most recent order blocks people with green cards who were abroad when the order was signed from re-entering the US. Green card holders are permanent residents---that was the promise we made when they were given their green cards. </span><span class="_5u8u" data-offset-key="305ca-1-0" spellcheck="false" style="background-color: #dce6f8; font-family: inherit;"><span data-offset-key="305ca-1-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;">Darcy James Argue</span></span></span><span data-offset-key="305ca-2-0" style="font-family: inherit;"> helpfully provides a picture below of the of the brochure you get welcoming you.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="bbtk6-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="bbtk6-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="38pff-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="38pff-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="38pff-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Pro-Publica reports that there are 500,000 permanent residents from the countries that are now banned all of these people have effectively had our promise to them broken. http://tinyurl.com/jqlmkcv.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="d65jv-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="d65jv-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="ccdk9-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="ccdk9-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="ccdk9-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Colleges and Universities are already recommending that students and faculty from the effected countries cancel plans to travel abroad because they may not be able to return home. A Yale Ph.D. student from Iran has already been stranded. (Chronicle of Higher Ed: http://tinyurl.com/j3at4nv, via </span><span class="_5u8u" data-offset-key="ccdk9-1-0" spellcheck="false" style="background-color: #dce6f8; font-family: inherit;"><span data-offset-key="ccdk9-1-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;">Meanwhile in higher ed</span></span></span><span data-offset-key="ccdk9-2-0" style="font-family: inherit;">)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="66a48-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="66a48-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="cv10l-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="cv10l-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="cv10l-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Protests are launching! </span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="8orvf-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="8orvf-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
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<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="2eo6t-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="2eo6t-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="2eo6t-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Cleveland peeps: Emergency Rally and March for Refugees and Sanctuary. Monday January 30, 12:30 pm - 1:30 pm Market Square, West 25th St. and Lorain Ave. (http://tinyurl.com/hrq3s99)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="e7d1h-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="e7d1h-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="flbbv" data-offset-key="db9jh-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="db9jh-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="db9jh-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">New York! Today 6PM protest at JFK to support the folks who are now stranded at the airport because of Trump's order: https://www.facebook.com/events/623562661169807/</span></div>
</div>
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<span data-offset-key="dod7s-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
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<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="7m5f2-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="7m5f2-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Finally, Mike Malz of Same Facts has advice for government workers who are ordered to do unethical things. Rachel Ann McKinney suggests academics need similar plans. http://tinyurl.com/zb4886x</span></div>
</div>
Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-25356954647056031372016-12-04T14:39:00.000-05:002016-12-04T14:39:02.232-05:00Did Retailers Who Start Playing Christmas Music Too Early Tip The Election for Donald Trump?Did Retailers Who Start Playing Christmas Music Too Early Tip The Election for Donald Trump?<br />
<br />
A thinkpiece by J. Robert Loftis<br />
<br />
Social media and old media have both been on fire recently with people searching for the exact right way to place blame for the election of Donald Trump. Popular targets so far include the Clinton campaign, white women with less that two years college education, Jill Stein, and El Niño. People who like to overtly blame "The Jews" for things are, of course, overjoyed at Trump's victory, and not looking for scapegoats. However, many Trump opponents blame "The Media" and "Coastal Elites," which are generally code words for Jews. Actual Trump voters invariably rank low on people's blame lists, because this game is about expectations, not personal responsibility.<br />
<br />
But what if everyone is wrong? Think about it. Most targets of blame since the election results have come in were actually targets of hypothetical blame before the vote. You remember all those posts from September saying "If Clinton loses this election, the fault will lie squarely with The Democratic Establishment/Stein Voters/The Polar Vortex." If we haven't changed scapegoats in light of the new information the election has given us, can we really say we are a reality based community?<br />
<br />
What if no one we've talked about so far is really to blame for Trump's victory? What if the real people responsible are retailers who started playing Christmas music too early?<br />
<br />
This theory has a lot of merit. For starters, no one likes those people. Also, there is a plausible narrative we can develop about how they tipped the election. Anyone playing Christmas music before November 8 this year was clearly playing Christmas music too early. And what kind of emotions does Christmas music evoke? Nostalgia. Comfort. Love of tradition. All the sorts of things that ignite the reactionary mind. Could it be that retailers in Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania playing Christmas music during election season were a crucial factor in energizing Trump's base? Who can say? The research hasn't been done, nor will it be done. So the plausible narrative stands, ready to channel all the resentment people feel toward retailers who start playing Christmas music too early.<br />
<br />
This theory has one last crucial advantage: retailers who start playing Christmas music too early won't be an important part of any coalition resisting Trump in the future. It doesn't matter if our blame alienates them.<br />
<br />
So I say fuck those guys.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-69722662886231479292016-11-20T14:35:00.002-05:002016-11-20T14:38:29.971-05:00More on Lorain PD use of forceWhile I wasn't paying attention, the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GueuBWB2QM">dashcam video</a> was released for the arrest of Pele Smith. Smith is suing the Lorain Police Department for smashing his head against a cruiser windshield.<br />
<br />
Pele Smith was stopped for jaywalking, apparently after there were numerous complaints from neighbors about him selling drugs. He appears to have done something to resist arrest and possibly swallow drugs he was carrying. The video picks up with Smith already cuffed and on the ground. The police walk him to the cruiser whose dashcam we are looking through. Smith is yelling something repeatedly, possibly "Mom!" It doesn't look like he is physically resisting, though. When he reaches the cruiser, the police slam his head into the windshield of the cruiser hard enough to crack the glass. One of the officers says "Shut the fuck up. Do you have any weapons on you?"<br />
<br />
During the ride to the hospital one of the arresting officer sits next to him and they argue about what happened. It is clear that they have had frequent interactions in the past. At various times during the argument, Smith admits to using drugs and carrying enough for his own use. Other times he says he didn't do nothing. At all times he strenuously denies dealing and denies resisting arrest, saying "I didn't fight you." The arresting officer, for his part, says that Smith brought all these problems on himself, and does this every time he gets in trouble. <br />
<br />
There is also a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRjs3Mqpf1s">video </a>of a press conference with community leaders that I haven't watched yet.
Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-82961216106220123302016-09-17T16:34:00.002-04:002016-09-17T16:34:22.101-04:00Pele Smith Sues the Lorain PD. <div style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
Researching use of force by the Lorain Police Department. Most of what I'm seeing fits the Justice Department's 2012 findings that there was a serious problem in the past, but it began to taper off after 2008, when the DoJ investigation began but before they released their final report.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
There is, however, this case, where a guy named Pele Smith was stopped for jaywalking, but wound up having his face slammed into a patrol car hard enough to crack the windshield. As his lawye<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;">r notes, this fits one of the patterns mentioned in the DoJ report: excessive force for completely trivial stops.</span></div>
<div class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 6px;">
<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">The case has fits another pattern you see a lot: Smith eventually plead guilty (perhaps part of a plea bargain) to a bunch of charges involving resisting arrest and obstructing police business, without any mention of an underlying crime that might have triggered the stop to begin with. The police claim he tried to hide drugs by swallowing them, but no actual drug charges are filed.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">http://www.chroniclet.com/Local-News/2016/08/12/Lorain-police-sued-over-excessive-force-claim.html</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6px;">
<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-19692416133252736702016-09-10T20:10:00.003-04:002016-09-10T20:10:34.729-04:00Showing Up For Racial Justice North East Ohio has a project going where we study use of force policies for area police departments. I've been assigned the Lorain PD.<br /><br /><br />Dear Chief Rivera,<br />
<br />
I am with SURJ (Showing Up for Racial Justice, Northeast Ohio Chapter), and we are conducting research into use of force policies at local police departments, in conjunction with the efforts of the Cleveland Community Police Commission. On April 29, 2015 the governor's Ohio Task Force on Community-Police Relations released its final report with a number of recommendations including that "all law enforcement agencies adopt, at a minimum, policies including, but not limited to, the use of deadly force, with the goal of enhancing the protection of all lives". Subsequently, the Ohio Collaborative Community Police Advisory Board was created to establish more detailed guidelines concerning use of force as well as the establishment of a certification process for local law enforcement agencies throughout the state.<br />
<br />
Searching the LPD website, I was not able to find a publicly available use of force policy. I did find the 2012 Justice Department letter to the city and police department, and the accompanying Technical Assistance Report. I was very glad to see that it found that the LPD did not have a continuing "pattern or practice of use of excessive force." However, I also saw that it made a lot of recommendations for changes to section 4 of your Standard Operating Policies and Procedures on "Aggression Response."<br />
<br />
I am requesting that you provide us a copy of your policies regarding the use of force. I am also interested in learning if it has been updated in accordance with the Justice Department's recommendations. This information will be quite helpful in reviewing the use of force policies of Northeast Ohio police departments.<br />
<br />
I look forward to hearing from you.<br />
<br />
Sincerely,<br />
<br />
J. Robert Loftis<br />
<br />
<br />Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-70348748185908851862016-06-02T17:27:00.001-04:002016-06-03T13:17:12.289-04:00Videos of the Allegory of the Cave [updated]<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
There are myriad videos of the allegory of the cave available, but most are not very good. Searching for videos mostly yields student projects, adaptation of classroom lectures, and videos that are using the allegory of the cave to push a religious or conspiratorial agenda. There are, however, some very good videos out there was well, suitable for classroom use. Three are listed below.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>
Weiss, Sam (Director). 1973. <i>The cave: a parable told by Orson Welles</i>
Stephen Bosustow Productions. Animated. Time: 8:13</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<b>Comments: </b>I highly recommend this. The script is a slight
editing of the Jowett translation, read compellingly Orson Welles. The visuals
are animations of evocative drawings by the illustrator Richard Oden, who among
other things did some very striking illustrations for medical textbooks and ran
the drawing program at Cal State University Long beach. Oden’s drawings can
give the student a clear image of what is going on in the allegory and pack an
emotional punch without being distracting. The music by soundtrack composer
Larry Wolff is haunting. <br />
<br />
The editing done to the Jowett translation is very slight. Mostly, they cut out Glaucon’s replies, sometimes working a few words into Socrates’s speech. A few words are changed here and there. The one major edit is at the end, right before 517b, after Socrates notes that anyone caught trying to free the prisoners would be put to death, the narration skips to a rougher paraphrase of 519d where Socrates says that the enlightened person is obligated to return to the people of the cave “partake of their labors and honors, whether they are worth having or not.” <br />
<br />
<b>Credits:</b> Narrator: Orson Welles; Animator: Dick Oden; Music: Larry Wolff; Producers: Nick Bosutow, C.B. Wismar. <br />
<br />
<b>Publication and availability: </b> As of this writing, an ok-quality copy video is readily available online (e.g. <a href="https://youtu.be/d2afuTvUzBQ">https://youtu.be/d2afuTvUzBQ</a>), however it is not clear who the rights holder is. The sound in the version shared online is a little muddy and the picture a little grainy. The original production company seems to be Stephen Bosustow Productions, and education film company founded by one of the creators of Mr. Magoo. At some point, the movie may have been owned by McGraw-Hill Films, but it does not show up on the website for the current McGraw-Hill companies. VHS copies also show up in the catalogues of various libraries, but it is not clear that any of these would be higher quality than the version currently being shared online.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<blockquote>
Ramsey, Michael (Writer, director, producer). 2007. <i>The Cave: An Adaptation
of Plato's Allegory in Clay</i> Bullhead Entertainment. Claymation. Time: 3:10
</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<b>Comments:</b>This is a well done Claymation version, using an original script that is true to the parts of the text that it covers. The main problem, that because it is only three minutes long, it leaves out a lot of important elements, including the important multiple levels of representation, with the shadows representing the objects on the walkway and the objects on the walkway representing the objects outside, etc. It also leaves out all sorts of detail about the return of the cave. Instead, when the freed man returns to the cave, his friends do not recognize him, because he now appears as a shadow on the wall. The clip ends with the narrator emphasizing that the things outside of the cave are “not less real” than the shadows. He doesn’t say that the things outside are more real than the shadows, and he there is no depiction of attempts to free the other prisoners.<br />
<br />
<b>Credits:</b> Claymation
Artist: John Grigsby, Voice: Kristopher Hutson; Producer Tim Schultz;
Photographed by Michael Ramsey and John Grigsby; Editors: Bruce Rudolph and
John Grigsby; pyrotechnics: Jack Spivak; PA: Meaghan Lamond.<br />
<br />
<b>Publication and availability:</b>Posted
to YouTube by the production company that made it, also available at its
official website <a href="http://platosallegory.com/">http://platosallegory.com/</a>
</div>
ETA:
<br />
<blockquote>
Gendler, Alex. (Writer). Undated. Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. TED Conferences, LLC. </blockquote>
<b>Comments:</b> Gendler is a TED-ed regular who has presentations on topics ranging from how Tsunamis work to logic puzzles. Gendler simplifies the presentation of the cave by eliminating the raised walkway and the puppets that cast shadows on the wall. Instead, the shadows are cast directly by the objects on the outside. This ruins the parallel with the divided line. However, there is still a sense of layering of representation, because he does talk about the escaped prisoner first only looking at reflections of objects in the water. The video concludes with a quick sketch of the theory of the forms. The animation is cute and accompanied by snappy sound effects. Animated. Time: 4:33<br />
<br />
<b>Credits:</b> Alex Gendler: Writer/educator; Narration: Addison Anderson; Director: John R. Dilworth; Animator: Pilar Newton/Stretch films; Sound Designer: William Hohauser;<br />
<br />
<b>Publication and availability:</b> The video is produced by the TED spin-off TED-Ed, and is covered by a creative commons (BY-NC-ND) license. There is also an online platform that comes with discussion forums and quiz questions and the possibility of creating further lessons that remain under the control of TED-ed.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-88416548142005616082016-02-10T10:07:00.001-05:002016-02-10T10:07:31.509-05:00Mount St.Mary's targets students with depression for pressure to leave the school. <div class="" data-block="true" data-offset-key="fid4r-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; line-height: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="fid4r-0-0" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="fid4r-0-0"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/02/09/the-controversy-at-mount-st-marys-goes-national-after-professors-are-fired/?tid=sm_fb" target="_blank">The survey distributed by Mount St. Mary's sought to identify students with depression so they could be pressured into leaving the school. </a></span></div>
</div>
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<span data-offset-key="38ndo-0-0"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
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<div class="" data-block="true" data-offset-key="447ar-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; line-height: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="447ar-0-0" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="447ar-0-0">The survey asked students whether the following statement applied to them during the last week: "I felt that I could not shake the blues, even with the help of family and friends." Students were told there would be no repercussions for their answer, when in fact, their answer would be used to determine whether they would be pressured to leave the school early in order to boost the school's retention numbers.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-offset-key="6u6ai-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; line-height: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="6u6ai-0-0"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
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<div class="" data-block="true" data-offset-key="faiu4-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; line-height: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="faiu4-0-0">Every time a lie like this is perpetrated, people with depression become more distrustful of people who seem to be offering help. "I feel terrible all the time. This person might be trying to see if I need help, or they might be trying to identify me as weak so they can shun me." This survey contains the kind of lies that drive people to suicide.</span></div>
</div>
Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-4769329544198088642015-11-21T14:16:00.001-05:002015-11-21T14:16:19.265-05:00Fury Road is feminist in the exact same way Apocalypse Now is anti-war.Last night while Joey Mined and Crafted, I watched <i>Mad Max: Fury Road</i>, so I can now finally weigh in on the "is it feminist or misogynist" debate. Vague spoilers follow.<br />
<br />
<i>Fury Road</i> is feminist in the exact same way <i>Apocalypse Now </i>and <i>Full Metal Jacket</i> are anti-war films. <i>Apocalypse Now </i>and <i>Full Metal Jacket</i> were intended as anti-war films and received when they came out as anti-war. But check out what Anthony Swofford says in his memoir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarhead_(book)" target="_blank">Jarhead</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
We watched 'Apocalypse Now' and 'Full Metal Jacket' before we went to war. It was pornography for us. They opened up this historical and psychological narrative. This is what men do when they go to war, we thought. It's a received image of war through film.</blockquote>
also this<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
All Vietnam War films are all pro-war, no matter what the supposed message, no matter what Kubrick or Coppola or Stone intended. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson in Omaha or San Francisco or Manhattan will watch these films and weep and decide once and for all that war is inhumane and terrible...[we] watch the same films and are excited by them, because the magic brutality of the films celebrates the terrible and despicable beauty of (our) fighting skills. Fight, rape, war, pillage, burn.”</blockquote>
The parallels to <i>Apocalypse Now </i>are especially deep, because both <i>Apocalypse Now </i>and <i>Fury Road </i>are about confronting militarized cults. Immortan Joe is Colonel Kurtz. In fact the <a href="http://madmax.wikia.com/wiki/Immortan_Joe" target="_blank">Wikia for <i>Fury Road</i> tells me</a> that before he was a warlord Immortan Joe was known as Colonel Joe Moore. I'm certain the reference is deliberate. Fury road is the Nung River. <i>Apocalypse Now</i> was a slow journey up the Nung River into the heart of darkness. In <i>Fury Road</i> we flee away from the heart of darkness down Fury Road, but then turn around and return.<br />
<br />
People called <i>Fury Road </i>feminist because it is about women resisting sexual exploitation. It was intended to be feminist and received by some audiences as feminist, just as <i>Apocalypse Now </i>was intended to be anti-war and received as anti-war. However, some people called <i>Fury Road</i> anti-feminist because it seemed to be itself a form of sexual exploitation, where the suffering of women is used for titillation. But the titillation is only there for viewers like Swofford and his comrades. Most people are going to see the brutality and be horrified, and then find the victory over brutality cathartic. Some people, however, are going to see the brutality and be excited. The movie doesn't cater to this audience, they way some slasher films are said to cater to the audience that sympathizes with the killer. But it doesn't matter. It is still pornography to people who want to experience it as such.<br />
<br />
Having made this comparison, you might think I believe <i>Fury Road</i> to be a bad movie, or shouldn't have been made. I don't. I think it is destined to be a classic on the level of <i>Apocalypse Now</i>. I think we need art that makes us confront the horror of these insane military cults, if only because the real world is full of them. The Khmer Rouge, The Lord's Resistance Army, the so-called Islamic State, David Koresh's Branch Davidians: these groups are real and can crop up anywhere. We confront them on the level of fiction so that we can tame our fear of them. We use the magic trick of staring into all their yellow eyes without blinking once.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-17207365028109657202015-07-13T16:27:00.003-04:002015-11-21T14:18:14.270-05:00Abortion FAQ, continued: reasons for abortion<blockquote>
As one who is "pro-life", I believe that 99% of abortions are uncalled for under any circumstance. </blockquote>
That's a really high number. Let's think about that a bit more. In <a href="http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3711005.html">this 2005 study</a>, 1% of women seeking abortion said one reason they wanted an abortion because they had been raped. If this is the only justification you allow, then you have your 99%.<br />
<br />
But most people also say abortion is justified if it is necessary to save the life of the mother. This makes sense, especially when you are look at situations like ectopic pregnancies, where often your choice is to continue with the pregnancy, and have both the mother and the fetus die, or abort the fetus, and at least save one life. The survey above doesn't list cases where the mother's life is at stake, but it does say that 12% of women list concerns for their own health as reasons for abortion. Of these, 4% listed a physical problem with their health as the "most important" reason they were having an abortion. It is not clear, however, how many of these cases are cases where the mother's life is in danger.
<br />
<br />
There are also cases where the health of the fetus can motivate an abortion. We've already looked at one case like that in this class: Tay-Sachs disease. A baby born with Tay-Sachs disease will live normally for about a year, but after that, their brain will begin to degenerate, and what follows are seizures, blindness and death by age 5. Many people would say that it is better to have not been born than it is to have such a brief life filled with suffering. Again with these studies, we don't have clear number for cases of abortion that are like the Tay-Sachs case. The 2005 study says that for 13% of the women seeking abortions, the future health of the fetus as a motivation, and for 3% of women it was the most important reason.As with the question of the mother's health, it is not clear what medical problems are being considered here.<br />
<br />
So it looks like somewhere between 8% and 25% of abortions are in situations that people commonly view as legitimate reasons to have an abortion. (<a href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/1576/abortion.aspx">Gallup reports</a> that 70% of Americans believe that abortion is acceptable in some or all circumstances, and rape and health of the mother are the most common exceptions.) Given this information, do you stand by the 99% number?Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-40094670092679958922015-07-11T19:06:00.001-04:002015-07-12T14:14:26.630-04:00Bioethics FAQ, cont.<b>"A fetus really can feel pain at 8 weeks. I have a <a href="http://www.lifenews.com/2013/05/23/expert-tells-congress-unborn-babies-can-feel-pain-starting-at-8-weeks/">citation</a>"</b>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
The link you gave is to the testimony of an "expert" before congress. Whenever you encounter expert evidence, there are three basic questions you need to ask.<br />
<ol>
<li>Does this person have the relevant expertise—are they in a position to know what they say they know?</li>
<li>Is this person biased?</li>
<li>Is this person's claim backed up by other experts?</li>
</ol>
In this case, the expert, Maureen L. Condic, passes the first test quite well. She is not just a scientist with a Ph.D. If you click through to her academic webpage, you can see she is a neurobiologist who works on fetal neuronal development.<br />
<br />
Things start to fall apart a bit more when it comes to the issue of bias. Condic doesn't have any direct conflict of interest, like a financial stake in the outcome of this debate. However, googling around makes it clear that she is an activist. She writes for the conservative religious magazines like <i>First Things</i> and <i>The Public Discourse</i>. This makes it very likely that she is going to slant the facts as much as she possibly can in favor of her political view. Now this alone is no reason to discount her testimony. Almost everyone who writes on an issue like this is going to have strong political views of one sort or another. But this is something to bear in mind when considering her testimony<br />
<br />
It is on the third question that the testimony here really falls apart. Condic's claim is not backed by what other experts say; it is contradicted by it. <a href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=201429">This article</a>, by Susan J. Lee and colleagues, looks at all the relevant research. This is what they call in science a "survey article": It doesn't present original research. Instead it looks at all the research currently available to determine if all the evidence collected so far can give us a conclusion on an important issue. In this case, the authors dug through over a thousand articles in their examination of the evidence. Their conclusion: <a href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=201429">fetal perception of pain is unlikely before the third trimester."</a> <br />
<br />
So how does Condic reach a different conclusion than all the other researchers? The answer is illuminating: she is using different standards for what counts as evidence for the perception of pain. Lee et al. define pain as "a subjective sensory and emotional experience that requires the presence of consciousness to permit recognition of a stimulus as unpleasant." In other words, there has to be a brain present to be conscious of the pain, and there is no evidence of enough brain development for consciousness to happen until the third trimester. Condic, on the other hand, is just looking for a reflex reaction in response to stimulus: " The neural circuitry responsible for the most primitive response to pain, the spinal reflex, is in place by 8 weeks of development. This is the earliest point at which the fetus experiences pain in any capacity."<br />
<br />
So the difference here is really philosophical. It is about what counts as pain, and what counts as evidence of pain. Condic is counting reflex responses to stimuli as pain. But even a detached cockroach leg can have a reflex response to a stimulus. This is actually an experiment you can do at home, as <a href="https://youtu.be/aOqiOljgveM">this video</a> explains. Click <a href="https://youtu.be/aOqiOljgveM?t=1m">here</a> to skip to the part where a detached roach leg twitches in time to a Beastie Boys song. (You might not want to do that, though, if you are grossed out by roaches.)<br />
<br />
Furthermore, the circuitry that is present in this detached cockroach leg is all that has developed in the fetus by 8 weeks gestation. The circuit uses serotonin and something called substance P. Its action is inhibited by endorphins. The machinery—or as philosopher Bernard Rollin put it, the <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UMhEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153&dq=bernard+rollin+unheeded+cry+plumbing+of+pain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8pehVYDHPM39oQSCwKz4DQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=bernard%20rollin%20unheeded%20cry%20plumbing%20of%20pain&f=false">"plumbing of pain"</a>—is the same. It just isn't hooked up to anything. All of this can leave us quite confident that a fetus at 8 weeks gestation cannot feel pain.<br />
<br />
(A lot of this is actually covered in <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Taking_Animals_Seriously.html?id=dIXfAeXuHJwC">Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status</a>, a book by one of your textbook authors, David DeGrazia. His focus is on the issue of pain in animals, though, not in fetuses.)Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-6999675980758920332015-07-06T12:55:00.000-04:002015-07-06T12:55:04.915-04:00Abortion FAQ, continued: Why women have late term abortionI keep a FAQ on abortion for my bioethics classes. I post the entries here, too, on the theory that if my students have these questions, other people might as well. Here is a post, from a student on the abortion discussion forum who is wondering about women who have late term abortions.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>
Most women find out they're pregnant at 4-5 weeks, why wait, if they know they're unhappy why not schedule an abortion as soon as possible?</blockquote>
The first thing to note here is that for the most part, women do have the abortion as soon as possible. As I explained in the abortion video, 88% of abortions are in the first trimester, and only 1.3% are in the third trimester.<br />
The next thing to note is that a substantial number of women who have late term abortions are doing so for medical reasons. These are typically women who wanted to be pregnant, but have found out that something has gone wrong. Perhaps the pregnancy is endangering their life, or the child will not be able to survive after birth.<br />
This still leaves a population of women who have abortion after the first trimester for something other than medical reasons. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1363/4521013/abstract">Here</a> is an interesting study published in <i>Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health</i> on women who have abortions after 20 weeks gestation for non-medical reasons. In your question, you state that most women know they are pregnant in the fourth or fifth week. This is not true, however, of the women having abortions after 20 weeks in this study. They report on average, finding out that they are pregnant in the 12th week of pregnanacy.<br />
Interestingly, the authors don't wind up using the late discovery of pregnancy as one of their factors explaining later abortion. They identify five profiles for women who delay abortion after 20 weeks. Together they account for 80% of the women in their sample.<br />
<ol>
<li>Women suffer from depression or drug addiction</li>
<li>Women who were in conflict with their partner or perhaps experiencing physical abuse</li>
<li>Women who were raising children alone</li>
<li>Women who had trouble deciding and then trouble accessing a provider</li>
<li>women who were young and had never had children before.</li>
</ol>
These categories overlap, so some women who delay abortion might be depressed and in a physically abusive relationship. I think some of these factors make the delay more understandable.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-73061043657492343682015-01-07T22:17:00.001-05:002015-01-07T22:17:30.605-05:00Words are not bulletsOk, I'm just going to spit out an argument that has been on my mind:<br />
<br />
Words are not bullets. The harm caused by offense is categorically different than any (any!) physical harm.<br />
<br />
This is a thesis that needs to be defended, and at the same time qualified. Whenever people seek to enact speech codes they cite the harm that comes with offense. This makes perfect sense, because offense is a very real harm. Offense hurts the worst when it is applied systematically to people with very little power. The constant harassment of women and minorities in my discipline (philosophy) is an example of offense as a moral wrong.<br />
<br />
That qualification in place, I want to draw as bright a line as possible between physical violence and verbal violence. I recognize that there is a lot of gray area here. Even John Stuart Mill admitted that it was one thing to say "Bread sellers are starvers of the poor" and to say the same thing, in front of an angry mob in front of a bakery.<br />
<br />
I've got three reasons why physical violence is always worse than verbal offense. The first one is the most practical. Just as a matter of moral epistemology, we are better able to evaluate the harm caused by physical actions than by emotional offense. Doctors can tell us how hard you were hit, what bones were broken, and if you will live. Judging how offended someone is, really, is always guesswork.<br />
<br />
The second argument is Rawlsian. Bodily health is a primary good. It is one that enables any other good you might seek after in your life. Harms to primary goods are always worse than harms to other things.<br />
<br />
The final argument is the hardest for me to articulate, but I think it might ultimately be the most important. In the case of offense, person harmed has more control over the outcome than in the case of physical harm. This is not to say "sticks and stones can break my bones, but names can never hurt me." In fact, names can hurt a lot, especially when they are thrown consistently at people with very little power. After a while, even the most tough-minded person will feel the blows. Those of us with even weaker constitutions will crumble much more quickly.<br />
<br />
That said, it is at least possible to shrug off the harm of an offense remark. You cannot decide not to let blood loss bother you. Names hurt, but we can mitigate that hurt by deciding not to let it bother us, and we are all a lot better off if we all agree to let some shit slide. Humanity's greatest strength is our ability to know. This is why things have basically been getting better for us for the last 35,000 years. Our ability to know depends on our ability to imagine all kinds of crazy shit. Even shit that seems to go against God.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-49230805861076832162014-12-19T17:38:00.001-05:002014-12-19T17:38:59.391-05:00What I did with my sabbatical<a href="http://wp.me/a2cG1c-4D">These 125 pages</a> represent the bulk of my creative output this sabbatical. They are a part of a larger project to create a free, open access logic textbook that would be competitive with Hurley's <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Introduction-Logic-Book-Only/dp/0840034164">A Concise Introduction to Logic </a> ($152.90, new), Copi et al. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Logic-14th-Edition-Irving/dp/0205820379">Introduction to Logic</a> ($144.24, new) and Baronett <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Logic-Stan-Baronett/dp/0199846316">Logic</a> ($84.30, new). My hope is to combine my own writing with existing texts by Cathal Woods and P.D. Magnus to create a text that can match the coverage of these expensive books. The resulting book <i>An Open Introduction to Logic</i> will available for teachers through the same outlets they are used to using, to make widespread adoption as easy as possible.
<br />
<br />
This sabbatical's output is just the section on Aristotelian logic. I haven't tried to be particularly innovative. I took the books by Hurley, Cohen et al., and Baronett to be my "cohort group," and surveyed them to determine what instructors were doing, and to establish that none of the methods here were anyone's intellectual property. I wanted to be sure that everything is just standard industry practice, so to speak. The table below shows how many pages our book and the texts in the cohort group to the two major topics covered, categorical statements and categorical syllogisms. More importantly, it shows the number of exercises the texts gives for each topic. Basically, my page count is in the same range as the cohort group, but I have 100 more exercises than even Hurley's book, which has a hell of a lot of exercises. Page totals do not include glossaries, bibliographies, etc.
<br />
<br />
<table 15px="" 5px="" border-spacing:="" border="1" padding:="" style="width: 100%;" table="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Categorical Statements</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Categorical Syllogisms</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Hurley</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">64 pages, 318 exercises.</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">52 pages, 107 exercises</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">116 pages, 425 exercises</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Baronett</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">52 pages, 243 exercises.</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">70 pages, 188 exercises</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">122 pages, 431 exercises</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Copi et al.:</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">41 pages, 130 exercises.</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">82 pages, 231 exercises </span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">123 pages, 361 exercises</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Loftis et al.:</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">44 pages, 274 exercises</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">69 pages, 297 exercises</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">113 pages, 571 exercises</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The excerpts I posted will be chapters 10 and 11 of the final text. They appear as chapters 1 and 2 because I didn't compile the full textbook. Also, all cross references to chapters not in this compilation of the text will appear as question marks. The glossary, bibliography, and table of contents only covers these two chapters
<br />
<br />
These are my authors notes on my <a href="http://wp.me/a2cG1c-4F">Chapter 10</a> and <a href="http://wp.me/a2cG1c-4E">Chapter 11.</a>.
<br />
<br />
These documents compare the coverage of texts in the cohort group for <a href="http://wp.me/a2cG1c-4G">categorical statements</a> and <a href="http://wp.me/a2cG1c-4H">categorical syllogisms.</a>Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-67496823406686362132014-08-22T12:34:00.001-04:002014-08-22T12:34:20.405-04:00Age of first use and addiction.Saw an interesting panel on drug abuse here in Lorain County. The speaker gave an interesting stat about age of first use and addiction. I asked him for more detail and he referred me to his source. It turns out the source says exactly the same thing that he did:<br />
<br />
“One in four people who used any addictive substance before they turned 18 have a substance use disorder, compared with one in 25 who first used any of these substances at age 21 or older.(41)”<br />
<br />
Footnote 41, in turn, essentially just says "This was our analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health"<br />
<br />
This is frustrating because it means that if I actually want more detail, I would have to run the numbers myself. CASA itself looks kinda like drug war propaganda, which is also irritating, because I was looking for something more data driven and helpful.<br />
<br />
http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/adolescent-substance-useRob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-9737991496207169002014-08-17T14:46:00.001-04:002014-08-17T14:48:38.713-04:00Include disclosure of contingent faculty compensation and other working conditions To: HEAA2014@help.senate.gov <br />
cc: info@newfacultymajority.info <br />
<br />
Sen. Harkin,<br />
<br />
Thank you for sponsoring the Higher Education Affordability Act (HEAA), and working to keep college accessible to all Americans. I am writing to ask you to make this bill even more effective by including provisions to address the reliance of colleges and universities on contingent faculty--adjuncts and other non-tenure-line faculty. As you know, part time faculty now comprise 50% of the faculty workforce, and 80% of the workforce at community colleges. These faculty are paid substandard wages, have to juggle positions at several schools, and are not compensated for spending time out of the classroom with students. All of this has a tremendous negative impact on the quality of education students are receiving. <br />
<br />
You can help alleviate this problem by including a provision in your legislation requiring colleges and universities to disclose contingent faculty compensation and other working conditions. Transparency is already one of the four major goals of the HEAA. This goal should be expanded to include transparency on this crucial issue.<br />
<br />
Thank you for your time<br />
<br />
Prof. J. Robert Loftis<br />
Lorain County Community College.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-21513538164451265672014-07-15T16:20:00.001-04:002014-07-15T19:27:25.427-04:00From the Frequent Responses fileEvery time I teach medical ethics, I get at least one paper asking "why don't we experiment on prisoners, instead of poor, defenseless animals." I have added an entry to my canned response files for this one. I post it here in hopes that I can dissuade as many people as possible from this stupid, but inexplicably popular, idea.<br />
<br />
Ever since the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Code">Nuremberg</a> war trials again Nazi doctors, experiments on humans without their consent has been considered a war crime. This has been adapted by most countries, including the US, as a part of law. If you want to experiment on prisoners, you need to explain how it can possibly be consensual.<br />
<br />
You might think that US prisons are different than prisoner of war camps, because the people there are guilty of things like murder, assault and rape. But this is not what is going on in most prisons. In 2006, 49.3% of state prisoners were in jail for nonviolent offenses. For federal prisons, that number is 90.7%. (See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_incarceration_rate#Causes">wikipedia, end of the fourth paragraph down.</a>) The drug war is largely responsible for this. In 2004, the majority of (55%) prisoners in federal prison were there for drug offenses. The same year in state prisons, 22% of the prisoners were there for drug offenses. (See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_incarceration_rate#Incarceration_rate">here.</a>)<br />
<br />
For profit prisons also play a role here, because they lobby for tougher sentencing laws to increase their business, and hence their profit. (See <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-donnelly/private-prisons_b_1097667.html">here</a> and <a href="http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/bankingonbondage_20111102.pdf">here.</a> In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids_for_cash_scandal">the most extreme case,</a> a for builder of for-profit juvenile detention facilities in Pennsylvania bribed two federal judges to send innocent kids to their juvenile prisons. The judges in the case received 28 and 17 years in prison. The developers of the prisons who paid the bribes received 18 months and 12 to 18 months.
<br />
<br />
You said, "They had rights when they were not committing crimes and knowingly killing and raping people. If they want rights they shouldve thought about that before taking away someone else." But most rights specified in the US consitition do not go away if you have committed a crime. In fact, many of them only make sense after a person has been accused of a crime. The right to a fair trial, the right to see the evidence presented against you and the right to be free of cruel and unusual punishment are all rights that you get <i>after</i> you enter the justice system.<br /><br />
It is also worth looking at what happens when people do experiment on prisoners. The most notorious cases of this are the Nazi war crimes, but this has happened in US prisons as well. In 1906 Dr. Richard P Strong began experiments infecting prisoners in the Philippines, which was then a US possession, with cholera. Thirteen prisoners died when they were accidentally infected with bubonic plague. Six years later Strong conducted lethal experiments where prisoners were put on a diet without vitamin B1 in order to induce beriberi. They were given cigars as compensation. For more information, see this article, called <a href="http://gme.kaiserpapers.org/they-were-cheap-and-available.html">"They were cheap and available"</a> on the history of experimentation on prisoners. The article was originally published in the British Medical Journal, but the full article was posted on a web page run by health case activists.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-79242282698845427402014-07-12T11:12:00.002-04:002014-07-12T11:12:06.033-04:00MicrodutiesOn my run I was thinking about the idea that every intention carries with it a microduty to fulfill that intention. (A microduty would be like a prima facie duty, but smaller.)<br />
<br />
I got to thinking about that because I was thinking about situations where one desires at one time to avoid a future outcome but the outcome is one which, in the future, you would have actually be fine with if it occurs. This isn't as weird as it sounds. Think of a couple who are considering having an open relationship. One reason they might not want to is the fear that if they had an open relationship, they would fall in love with other people, break up with each other, and live happily with their new partners.<br />
<br />
Or here's a more common one: a person gets a diagnosis of Alzheimer's and decides that when they reach a certain level of mental decline, they will no longer want life-extending treatment. But actually when they reach that level of mental decline, they are quite happy. They watch TV shows whose plots they can't follow and a nice lady brings them ice cream. This version isn't quite like the open relationship scenario, in that the person isn't absolutely sure they would like the outcome they are trying to avoid, but the basic idea is the same.<br />
<br />
The book What Sorts of People Should There Be features several similar scenarios that play out at the level of human evolution. We can imagine a future where people live as clone pods, a hundred or so genetically identical individuals who only are concerned with the interest of the pod as a whole. We might want now to avoid this outcome, even if we would have no problem with it were it to happen.<br />
<br />
My basic thought, while running along, was that we can make sense of our conflicting intuitions in these situations if we imagine that forming the intent at the earlier time creates a little duty. I can't spell out the rest of the thinking yet. And in any case, I'm a consequentialist, not a deontologist, so I shouldn't be trying to rescue these intuitions anyway.Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-6328434392917649592014-04-22T08:58:00.004-04:002014-04-22T08:58:50.715-04:00What is up with analects 17.8?<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’m trying to figure out what is going on with <i>Analects </i>17.8. I have a bunch of very
specific questions, some of them just translation issues, but really I’d just
like to ask the broad question, “What is up with analects 17.8?”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is how the passage is translated by Chan Wing-tsit, as
it appears as an epigram to chapter 5 of the <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Moral_Competence.html?id=wLoFAAAACAAJ">ethics
text I use.<o:p></o:p></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
One who loves humanity but not learning
will be obscured by ignorance. One who loves wisdom but not learning will be
obscured by lack of principle. One who loves faithfulness but not learning will
be obscured by heartlessness. One who loves uprightness but not learning will
be obscured by violence. One of who loves strength of character but not
learning will be obscured by recklessness.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The passage offers a striking parallel to Aristotle. In this
the version of the passage, Confucius names five virtues and pairs them with five
vices that arise from an excess of the virtue. Unlike Aristotle, he does not
name a second vice associated with a deficiency—perhaps fact that the complete
absence of a virtue is a vice was simply too obvious to be named. Another way
he differs from Aristotle is that he has very specific theory about what is
needed to keep from falling into the vice of excess: the moderating factor is
always learning (xué). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For some reason, however, this version of the passage is
missing one virtue-vice pair. Every other translation out there inserts “One who loves boldness but not
learning will be obscured by unruliness,” between Chan’s fourth and fifth
sentence. In fact, the full version of the passage makes it clear that there
should be six virtues and six vices. This is the translation from Sligerland:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
The master said “Zilu! Have you heard about the six [virtuous]
words and their six corresponding vices?”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
Zilu replied “I have not.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
“Sit! I will tell you about them<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
“Loving goodness without balancing it with a love of learning will
result in the vice of foolishness. Loving wisdom without balancing it with a
love of learning will result in the vice of deviance. Loving trustworthiness without
balancing it with a love of learning will result in the vice of harmful rigidity.
Loving uprightness without balancing it with a love of learning will result in
the vice of intolerance. Loving courage without balancing it with a love of learning
will result in the vice of unruliness. Loving resoluteness without balancing it
with a love of learning will result in the vice of willfulness.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My textbook uses this passage as the epigram to the final
chapter on moral knowledge, and I have my students analyze the passage as a
part of introducing the major themes of the chapter. I’m interested to what
extent the themes of that chapter actually resonate with the concerns of Master
Kong. To help with that project I’ve created charts of the words different
translators use to translate the virtue names Confucius uses. I’ve reprinted it
below.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sentence 1<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.15pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107">
<div class="MsoNormal">
He who loves<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rén (<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">仁</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 206.75pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal">
but not learning (<span style="background: white;">Xué</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">, </span><span style="background: white; font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";">學</span><span style="background: white;">)</span><span style="background: white; color: #777777; font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt;"> </span>will
be obscured by<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white;">yú (</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">愚</span>)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.15pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Leys<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Humanity<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 206.75pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Silliness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Slingerland<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Goodness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Foolishness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Ames<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Acting authoritatively<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Being easily duped<o:p></o:p></div>
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Chan (in Liszka)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Humanity<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Ignorance<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Legge<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Being benevolent</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Foolish simplicity</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sentence 2<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tbody>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal">
He who loves<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
zhì (<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">知</span><span style="background: white; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">)</span><sup><span style="background: white; font-family: SimSun;">1</span></sup> <o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
but not learning will be obscured by<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.purpleculture.net/pinyin_pronunciation/?main_page=pinyin_pronunciation&pinyin=dang4" target="_blank">dàng</a><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;"> (蕩)</span><sup><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Leys<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.45pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Intelligence<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Frivolity<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Slingerland<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Wisdom<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Deviance<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Ames<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.45pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Acting wisely<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Self-indulgence<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Chan (in Liszka)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.45pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wisdom<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal">
lack of principle<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Legge<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.45pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Knowing</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Dissipation of mind</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:time hour="1" minute="00" w:st="on"><sup><span style="background: white; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">1</span></sup><span style="background: white; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Am</span></st1:time><span style="background: white; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">es and ctex.org give
the character, as </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">知</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">,</span><span style="background: white; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"> but it seems to be
more commonly written with the radical </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">日</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6.5pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">at the bottom, </span><span style="background: white; font-family: SimSun;">智</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">. See p. 55 for a discussion emphasizing the practical
character of zhì. Wisdom seems to be the standard translation here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<sup><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2</span></sup><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> I’m having trouble finding any focal meaning
or customary interpretation here. Google translate gives “swing” here. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sentence 3<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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He who loves<o:p></o:p></div>
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Xìn (<span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">信</span>)<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
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but not learning will be obscured by<o:p></o:p></div>
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zéi<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">(賊)</span><sup><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2</span><o:p></o:p></sup></div>
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Leys<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Chivalry<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Banditry<o:p></o:p></div>
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Slingerland<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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trustworthiness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Harmful rigidity<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ames<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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making good one’s word<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Harm’s way<o:p></o:p></div>
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Chan (in Liszka)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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faithfulness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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heartlessness<o:p></o:p></div>
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Legge<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">being sincere</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">an injurious
disregard of consequences.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<sup>1</sup>trustworthiness seems to be the standard
translation here. Google gives <span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">信 </span>as the
first translation of trustworthiness and trust as the third translation of<span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> 信. </span>See Slingerland p. 242.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<sup><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2</span></sup><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> “Thief” is the meaning that comes up on Google
for </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">賊</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">.</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Leys seems
to be getting at a common meaning here. Also “chivalry” and “banditry” are a
nice pair.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Sentence 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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He who loves<o:p></o:p></div>
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Zhí (<span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">直</span>)<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
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but not learning will be obscured by<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Leys<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Frankness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Brutality<o:p></o:p></div>
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Slingerland<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Uprightness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Intolerance<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ames<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.4pt;" valign="top" width="83">
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Candor<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Rudeness<o:p></o:p></div>
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Chan (in Liszka)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.4pt;" valign="top" width="83">
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Uprightness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .7in;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Violence<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.2pt;" valign="top" width="88">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Legge<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.15pt;" valign="top" width="102">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.4pt;" valign="top" width="83">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white;">straightforwardness</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 187.65pt;" valign="top" width="250">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .7in;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rudeness<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<sup>1</sup>
Seems to mean moral rectitude in general, with a specific connotation of candor
and forthright speech. See Slingerland p. 242. Another oddity: the character is
missing a stroke if you change the font to SimSum: <span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11.5pt;">直. </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sentence 5<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.15pt;" valign="top" width="88">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.05pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal">
He who loves<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Yǒng</span><span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> (勇)<sup>1</sup></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.25pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal">
but not learning will be obscured by <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.15pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Luàn (<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">亂</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 11.5pt;">)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.15pt;" valign="top" width="88">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Leys<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.05pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal">
valor<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.25pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.15pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Violence<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.15pt;" valign="top" width="88">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Slingerland<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.05pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal">
courage<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.25pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.15pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div class="MsoNormal">
unruliness<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.15pt;" valign="top" width="88">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ames<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.05pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal">
boldness<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.25pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.15pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div class="MsoNormal">
unruliness<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.15pt;" valign="top" width="88">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Chan (in Liszka)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.05pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal">
seems to be missing?<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.25pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.15pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.15pt;" valign="top" width="88">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Legge<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.05pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Boldness<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.25pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.15pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Insubordination<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<sup><span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">1</span></sup> The
first hit on Google translate for “courage” is <span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">勇</span>. The first two hits for <span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">勇</span> are “brave” and “courage.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sentence 6<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.15pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107">
<div class="MsoNormal">
He who loves<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Gāng (</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11.5pt;">剛</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 11.5pt;">)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 206.75pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal">
but not learning will be obscured by <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kuáng ( </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 11.5pt;">狂</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 11.5pt;">)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.15pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Leys<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Force<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 206.75pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anarchy<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.15pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Slingerland<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal">
resoluteness<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 206.75pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.65pt;" valign="top" width="56">
<div class="MsoNormal">
willfulness<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.15pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ames<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.25pt;" valign="top" width="107">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
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firmness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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rashness<o:p></o:p></div>
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Chan (in Liszka)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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strength of character<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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recklessness<o:p></o:p></div>
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Legge<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Firmness<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Extravagant conduct<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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As it turns out, one major issue in comparing Confucius and
the ethics text I use is whether zhì (<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: SimSun;">知</span><span style="background: white; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">) can be productively
compared to the Greek <i>phronesis. </i></span>The
textbook is James Liska’s <i>Moral
Competence</i>, which presents a philosophical model of the morally competent
individual. Chapter 4 discusses the role of wisdom, specifically conceived of
as practical wisdom or <i>phronesis</i>, in
moral competence. Chapter 5, entitled “Moral Knowledge”, essentially argues
that in addition to practical wisdom, moral competence requires some kind of
theoretical knowledge. The passage from Confucius is there in part because it
asserts that wisdom (zhì) must be moderated by something else, learning (xué).
Thus Liszka’s chapter 4 seems like it might be about zhì and Chapter 5 might
bear some resemblance to xué. <i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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More broadly, however, I’m interested in how the ideas in
Analects 17.8 parallel and diverge from Western virtue theory, both ancient and
modern. (This is the concern that makes me think someone on the internet might
want to read these thoughts.) One important question for both my narrow and
broad concerns is to what extent zhì can be identified with <i>phronesis. </i>This question is extremely
fraught, not only because it involves comparing the semantic field of two terms
in very different classical languages, but also because each term is going to
have a broad, popular meaning and narrow meanings in the context of the
theories of different philosophers. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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So, the questions: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->To what extent can zhì be identified with <i>phronesis?</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Why is Chan missing sentence 5?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->What are the real semantic fields for these six
virtues and six vices?<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-28580963024156237802014-03-30T09:39:00.002-04:002014-03-30T09:39:12.961-04:00Then they build monuments to youAgain, someone in the world has mangled the "first they ignore you" quote, forcing me to look up the original and remind myself the actual name of the guy. (Particularly galling this time: the mangler was a libertarian, and the original was from a labor rally)<br />
<br />
In any case, I am not placing this in prominent places in my extended brain so I can find it easily the next time this happens.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I-0UAAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22first+they+ignore+you%22">"First they ignore you. Then they ridicule you. And then they attack you and want to burn you. and Then they build monuments to you."</a> --Nicholas KleinRob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9102103.post-23829552049775792962014-03-22T12:58:00.004-04:002014-03-22T12:59:20.638-04:00In support of Lawrence Torcello<div class="MsoNormal">
Dear President Destler:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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I am writing to thank you for supporting the free speech
rights of Lawrence Torcello in the face of an organized smear campaign against
him, and to urge you to issue an even stronger statement in support of your
faculty member.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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In particular, I urge you to issue a statement affirming
that Professor Torcello's essay is being completely misrepresented by his
attackers. He did not in any way call for the imprisonment of individuals who
deny the existence of global climate change. His criticism was leveled against
those who organize and fund media campaigns promoting ideas about the climate
that are harmful and false. Harmful and false statements are already a
regulated category of speech, as when the law prevents people from advertising
dangerous quack medicine or bans hate speech. Professor Torchello's proposal is
thus well within the bounds of normal, reasonable political discourse. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Universities are contractually obligated to protect the
academic freedom, including the free speech rights, of their professors. Please
honor this obligation to its fullest by publicly showing your complete support
of Lawrence Torcello. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
J. Robert Loftis<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Associate Professor of Philosophy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lorain County Community College <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Rob Helpy-Chalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13814390262154687969noreply@blogger.com0